google earth -japonskie bazy
google earth -japonskie bazy
ja jestem pod wielkim wrazeniem ogladania setek wysepek z powietrza.Czy istnieje jakis spis/historia baz japonskich zalozonych na wszystkich wysepkach Pacyfiku?
THIS WEEK IN MARSHALL ISLANDS HISTORY: "The Big Bang at Enewetak"
Fifty-four years ago, on November 1, the first nuclear fusion device ever deployed was detonated at the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission's (AEC) Pacific Proving Ground (PPG) at Enewetak Atoll, in the Marshall Islands.
"The immense ball of flame, cloud of dark dust, evaporated steel tower, melted sand for 1,000 feet, 10 million tons of water rising out of the lagoon, waves subsiding from a height of 80 feet to seven feet in 3 miles, were all repeated in various degrees, 43 times on Enewetak." -(US Department of Energy)
The Mike Shot, the first of two tests in the Operation Ivy series, was not a bomb in the combat sense.
The Mike device, dubbed the Sausage, was constructed on the remote island of Elugelap, located in the northern part of the atoll. It stood three stories tall, weighed over 82 tons, and used liquid deuterium, a cryogenic fuel.
Mike was detonated 7:14.59, local Enewetak time, and yielded 10.4 megatons, or some 750 times larger than the Hiroshima bomb.
It completely obliterated Eluklap, as well as some nearby islets, leaving an underwater crater a 6240 feet wide and 164 feet deep.
Powered mostly by fission, Mike showered high levels of radiation over the atoll.
The burning mushroom cloud reached 100,000 feet elevation. Observers said they would never forget the
"boiling sky" overhead.
The test was the tenth of 43 conducted on Enewetak and the fourth largest every conducted by the United States. A total of 67 tests were conducted in the Marshall Islands from 1946 to 1958
In 1947, the Enewetak people had been removed from their home island to Ujelang Atoll, where they suffered grave privations, including periods of near starvation.
The 4-5 years promised exile ended up being over 33 years, with nuclear tests continuing from 1948 through 1958. In the 1960's, Enewetak was the target and impact area for tests of Intercontinental Ballistic Missiles fired from Vandenberg Air Force Base in California. The Pacific Cratering Experiments Program (PACE) was conducted in the 1970's.
The nuclear testing program, missile testing, rocket test firings, and the cratering experiments program caused serious damage to Enewetak Atoll. Five islands in the atoll - Bokombako (sometimes referred to as Elugelab), Louj (sometimes referred to as Lidilbut), Bokaidrik, Boken(including a small unnamed islet to the west of Boken), and Eleleron - were completely or partially vaporized by the nuclear tests.
The remaining islands on the north half of the atoll, where the nuclear testing, rocket test firings and cratering experiments occurred, were severely damaged. The major residential island of
Enjebi, was heavily contaminated with radioactivity, as was the island of Runit. Debris and wreckage -- radioactive and nonradioactive -- littered many of the islands. The atoll’s lagoon was seriously damaged. Large bomb craters covered many of the islands.
The entire atoll was agriculturally devastated: vegetation was completely stripped from many of the islands, and nearly all plants of agricultural and economic value on the atoll were totally destroyed.
In 1980, the US conducted a massive clean-up which still left only the southern half of the atoll inhabitable.
Runit Island contains more than 110,000 cubic yards of plutonium-contaminated soil and debris that during the cleanup operation were collected from throughout the atoll, mixed with cement and water to form a slurry, placed in a bomb crater on Runit, and covered by a concrete dome 18 inches thick and 370 feet in diameter. Runit is expected to be extremely radioactive and dangerous for at least the next 24,000 years and therefore requires a long-term stewardship program similar to long-term stewardship programs, including a regular monitoring regime, for waste sites containing radioactive material required in the United States.
Today, Enewetak residents are monitored at the on-island Radiological Lab which supports the permanent whole body counting system, assessing radiation doses from internally deposited cesium-137.
Use of the land is limited, and food must be imported.
The people of Enewetak continue to seek fair compensation for loss of land, livelyhood, and health. A lawsuit has been filed with U.S. Court of Federal Claims.
- by Aenet Rowa, November 1, 2006
kratery na Runit
Ostatnio zmieniony 2006-12-15, 18:05 przez dakoblue, łącznie zmieniany 2 razy.
Battle of Eniwetok
Part of World War II, Pacific War
on 19 February 1944
Date: 17 February 1944 – 23 February 1944
Location: Eniwetok Atoll, Marshall Islands
Result: American victory
Combatants
United States Commanders
Harry W. Hill,
Thomas E. Watson
Strength
2 regiments
Casualties
262 killed 77 missing,
757 wounded
Japan
Yoshimi Nishida
2,677 dead, 16 japanese captured, 48 labours captured
Part of World War II, Pacific War
on 19 February 1944
Date: 17 February 1944 – 23 February 1944
Location: Eniwetok Atoll, Marshall Islands
Result: American victory
Combatants
United States Commanders
Harry W. Hill,
Thomas E. Watson
Strength
2 regiments
Casualties
262 killed 77 missing,
757 wounded
Japan
Yoshimi Nishida
2,677 dead, 16 japanese captured, 48 labours captured
The Battle of Eniwetok was a battle of the Pacific campaign of World War II, fought between 17 February 1944 and 23 February 1944 on Eniwetok Atoll in the Marshall Islands.
The invasion of Eniwetok followed the American success in the battle of Kwajalein to the southeast. Capture of Eniwetok would provide an airfield and harbour to support attacks on the Mariana Islands to the northwest.
The island had been lightly defended in 1943—the Japanese believed that the Americans would strike at the south-western Marshalls first. However, the defenders had been reinforced by the 1st Amphibious Brigade in January. Its commander, Major General Yoshimi Nishida, had begun to construct defenses but repeated air attacks made this difficult, and the tiny coral islands meant that defence in depth would be impossible.
Vice Admiral Raymond Spruance preceded the invasion by Operation Hailstone, a carrier strike against the Japanese base at Truk in the Caroline Islands. This raid destroyed 15 warships and more than 250 planes, cutting off Eniwetok from support and supply.
Naval bombardment of Eniwetok began on 17 February and the 22nd Marine Regiment, commanded by Colonel John T. Walker, landed on Engebi Island, on the north side of the atoll, on 18 February at 08:44. Resistance was light and the island was secure in six hours. Captured documents suggested that the defences on Eniwetok Island would be light, and accordingly there was only a short bombardment on 19 February before the 106th Infantry Regiment went ashore. This was a mistake: the Japanese soldiers had strong positions and the Americans were stopped by heavy automatic fire. The island was not secured until 21 February. 37 Americans were killed; more than 800 Japanese defenders died.
The mistake was not repeated at Parry Island. The battleships Tennessee and Pennsylvania and other ships delivered more than 900 tons of explosive onto the island. When the 22nd Marines landed on 22 February resistance was light. On 23 February the other islands of the atoll were captured.
Eniwetok atoll provided a forward base for the United States Navy for its later operations.
The invasion of Eniwetok followed the American success in the battle of Kwajalein to the southeast. Capture of Eniwetok would provide an airfield and harbour to support attacks on the Mariana Islands to the northwest.
The island had been lightly defended in 1943—the Japanese believed that the Americans would strike at the south-western Marshalls first. However, the defenders had been reinforced by the 1st Amphibious Brigade in January. Its commander, Major General Yoshimi Nishida, had begun to construct defenses but repeated air attacks made this difficult, and the tiny coral islands meant that defence in depth would be impossible.
Vice Admiral Raymond Spruance preceded the invasion by Operation Hailstone, a carrier strike against the Japanese base at Truk in the Caroline Islands. This raid destroyed 15 warships and more than 250 planes, cutting off Eniwetok from support and supply.
Naval bombardment of Eniwetok began on 17 February and the 22nd Marine Regiment, commanded by Colonel John T. Walker, landed on Engebi Island, on the north side of the atoll, on 18 February at 08:44. Resistance was light and the island was secure in six hours. Captured documents suggested that the defences on Eniwetok Island would be light, and accordingly there was only a short bombardment on 19 February before the 106th Infantry Regiment went ashore. This was a mistake: the Japanese soldiers had strong positions and the Americans were stopped by heavy automatic fire. The island was not secured until 21 February. 37 Americans were killed; more than 800 Japanese defenders died.
The mistake was not repeated at Parry Island. The battleships Tennessee and Pennsylvania and other ships delivered more than 900 tons of explosive onto the island. When the 22nd Marines landed on 22 February resistance was light. On 23 February the other islands of the atoll were captured.
Eniwetok atoll provided a forward base for the United States Navy for its later operations.
Other Marshall Islands Garrisons
Four remaining Japanese bases in the Marshalls (Jaluit, Maleolap, Mille and Wotje) were bypassed, cutting off approximately 13,700 Japanese from resupply or reinforcement. Records available after the Japanese surrender in 1945 indicated that approximately 7,440 Japanese soldiers isolated at these bases died from bombing, disease or starvation.
Four remaining Japanese bases in the Marshalls (Jaluit, Maleolap, Mille and Wotje) were bypassed, cutting off approximately 13,700 Japanese from resupply or reinforcement. Records available after the Japanese surrender in 1945 indicated that approximately 7,440 Japanese soldiers isolated at these bases died from bombing, disease or starvation.
http://marshall.csu.edu.au/Marshalls/ht ... Taroa.html
http://pacificwrecks.com/people/visitor ... index.html
http://httpw.pacificwrecks.com/province ... oelap.html
ciekawa strona o jednym z atoli
byl tam ktos kiedys ?
We left Aur atoll, and sailed up to Maloelap atoll. We anchored of the island of Taroa. This was a Japanese airbase during WWII. It was bombed, but never invaded by the US, the US left them to wither on the vine after they took Kwajalein. We anchored not far from the Toreshima Maru, a cargo ship that was sunk by shelling from the carriers Yorktown, Enterprise, and Belleu Wood. It is in 25-30 feet of water, the masts and cargo booms are above the water. It's amazing how much is left after 60 years. We snorkled on the wreck, the top of the wreck is about 10 feet underwater. The back 100 feet of the ship is in relatively good shape, but you can see where they blew off the bow with shells. Railroad tracks were evident from the back of the ship where they used to roll off depth charges. After we snorkeled, I talked to one of the local historians at Majuro who said there were still live depth charges aboard.
http://pacificwrecks.com/people/visitor ... index.html
http://httpw.pacificwrecks.com/province ... oelap.html
ciekawa strona o jednym z atoli
byl tam ktos kiedys ?
We left Aur atoll, and sailed up to Maloelap atoll. We anchored of the island of Taroa. This was a Japanese airbase during WWII. It was bombed, but never invaded by the US, the US left them to wither on the vine after they took Kwajalein. We anchored not far from the Toreshima Maru, a cargo ship that was sunk by shelling from the carriers Yorktown, Enterprise, and Belleu Wood. It is in 25-30 feet of water, the masts and cargo booms are above the water. It's amazing how much is left after 60 years. We snorkled on the wreck, the top of the wreck is about 10 feet underwater. The back 100 feet of the ship is in relatively good shape, but you can see where they blew off the bow with shells. Railroad tracks were evident from the back of the ship where they used to roll off depth charges. After we snorkeled, I talked to one of the local historians at Majuro who said there were still live depth charges aboard.
Ostatnio zmieniony 2006-12-13, 11:31 przez dakoblue, łącznie zmieniany 4 razy.
